Venture Capital (VC), translated as “Risk Capital”, is a type of private equity, i.e. a form of financing provided by companies or funds to small emerging start-up companies (Start-Up). In order for the latter to be considered viable and worthy of an investment, VCs consider that they have high growth potential or, for companies already started, that have shown high growth (e.g. in terms of the number of employees, annual revenue). In exchange for the investment, venture capital firms or funds require shares or ownership in the companies in which they invest.
Venture Capitalists provide financing in the interest of generating a return through a possible “exit” event, such as the company selling shares to the public for the first time in a public offering or making a merger and acquisition of the company.
What drives VCs to invest in start-up companies, which are characterized by a high profile of uncertainty given by their young presence in the market, is the detection of a high potential for the growth and the development of the business. It is precisely the potential of the start-up that serves as an evaluation discrimination. A start-up that markets a quality product/service, required on the market (or on a certain type of market), whose demand does not exceed supply or, in the case of a new product/service (not yet on the market), able to generate a need (therefore demand), results in a product/service with high economic potential.
Consider that most Start-Ups base their core business on a particular technology or at least an innovative business model leveraging technology (e.g. Information technology (IT), biotechnology, etc.). Yet, given the highly uncertain profile of the Start-Up, VCs, by providing their own financing, take the risk of a company that may not be successful, despite the capital contribution. For this reason, for the financing to be successful, the process of analysis of the potential beneficiary company, follows a careful and analytical path, which we will deepen in the following of this article.
Small companies, those with a limited operating history, too small to raise capital in public markets or those that do not have enough collateral to apply for bank financing, can use VC as an option to finance Financing.
Specifically, considering that the funding phases by VCs are different depending on the type of company on which the financing is made, an early stage company can apply for capital through Business Angels, crowdfunding or other so-called “pre-seed” options.
In return for the high risk venture capitalists take by investing in small companies and in the seed stage of their business, they gain significant control over company decisions, as well as a significant portion of ownership of companies (quotes or shares).
For example, see how companies that are now thick and well-established in the market, such as Uber, Airbnb, FlipKart, Xiaomi and Didi Chuxing, were also appreciated and financed by Ventur Capitalist, which not only contributed economically to the phase but have also provided strategic advice to their dirres, both in terms of business model and marketing strategies.
In fact, in addition to being companies or funds with economic and financial capabilities, VCs are always composed of highly qualified financial and economic staff, people with a cultural background of level, able to assess the potential of development of a given business depending on the target market, modifying it, implementing it and then making it successful.
How to find VENTURE CAPITAL investors.
The following provides a short guide for all companies wishing to use VC financing.
The idea.
The idea is the first stage par excellence of any form of enterprise.
Whether it’s an aspiring entrepreneur with a great idea or a start-up already set up, in both cases, capital is needed to develop the business in the market.
The main options for raising capital are generally loans from friends and relatives, bank loans or forms of equity financing from a venture capital firm. In the current economic climate, however, banks are often reluctant to lend to small businesses and if the amount of capital needed for the first stage of development of the idea or business already started is particularly high, borrow it from friends and family members probably not an option. In short, using equity financing by a VC seems to be the ideal solution, but certainly not the simpler one.
Before embarking on the search for venture capital (VC), consider that, in the event that the financing operation is successful, the financing company will become the partial owner (for shares) of the start-up (not a creditor) and will claim to be long-term revenue.
Most VCs are simple partnership-companies that have joint investment funds. The dimensions range from small businesses that manage a few million dollars to VCs that have invested billions of dollars in companies around the world.
They usually take preferred shares in the company and want at least a seat on the board. At other times, the claim has been the position of CEO, in the event that existing management is deemed to be strengthened.
ROI (Return On Investment)
While some VCs seek a return that is ten times their investment, others settle for an ROI three to five times the value of their investment. Generally, when financing is intended for established or constituted companies, in any case in their seed and early stage, investors are inclined to a very high return. This claim is justified by the increased financial risk they face by investing in a company not stabilized on the market. Investors entering an already advanced business reality could potentially settle for a triple ROI if the start is already positive for cash flow.
Prerequisites for funding.
What are the first VC assessments of the feasibility of an investment?
First, the target market.
Is there a market for the business idea?
VCs seek and require, imperatively, the commercial viability of the business idea.
As a market exists, is it possible to manufacture the product or market the service in a cost-effective way?
With a view to a return to investment in the medium term and a monetary revaluation of the investment itself, the VCs will positively assess investments in companies operating in thriving industrial sectors/markets large enough to reassure investors of a substantial return on investment. This generally means a market that can generate 100 million euros in revenue from all competitors.
Potential investors, for the purposes of financial evaluation, will require the company to provide documentation on a global market valuation for a period of at least five years and an overview of the competition.
Competitive advantage.
Is the idea or product/service unique? Where the only one means that sustainable uniqueness or can it be easily copied?
A solid management team.
The expertise and solidity of the team that manages (and will manage) the start-up is fundamental from the point of view of the investor. A cohesive, proactive team, inclined to learn and improve more and more over time is a team potentially valid for the management of the business development.
The importance of the team is mainly due to the fact that, often, the proponents of great business ideas, scalable and successful ideas, are the very young ones. A look at VC client portfolios shows how often they have invested in companies started by university students with no commercial experience – Yahoo! and Facebook are good examples.
Please note:
Are VCs the right option?
In general, VCs aim to achieve a return on their investments in 5-7 years.
Given their capital contribution to the company, which measures their power of interference within the company itself, it is good that the entrepreneur potentially benefits from this contribution, before using it, carefully consider the various options and strategies for exiting these VCs from the company once they reach the ROI.
In the logic of VCs, once their members have been provided with the return on their initial investment, they aim for a return on the initial investment (e.g. Selling the shares now of increased value compared to the time of their entry into the start-up) and then move on to a later investment opportunity.
This means that the beneficiary company will at some point find itself in the investment to have its shares sold or to be incorporated into another company or even made public. In any case, the result will be a loss, in whole or in part, of the autonomous control of your company.
If this option is something that the company does not think it can do in advance, it is good to look for a financing option other than VCs from the outset.
Stages of funding.
The development of funding generally includes the following categories:
Seed
It’s the beginning phase of every company: the idea. It’s a time when the aspiring entrepreneur has a business idea, but he doesn’t yet have a defined product or registered company, so look for the initial capital. VCs, however, usually avoid this stage.
Start or Start-Up.
These would be early-stage companies that need funding for the costs associated with product research and development.
First Round (A series).
The first round includes recruiting the resources needed to manage the company and the product, further market research and finalising the product or service for market introduction.
Second Round (B series).
It is the second round of financing that provides working capital for early-stage companies that sell a product, but are not yet making profits.
Late-stage funding.
This is expansion money for a company that successfully sells products or services from which it already makes a substantial profit.
Please note:
Due diligence.
Just as the VC company evaluates the business to invest in, the potentially beneficiary company should also evaluate potential investors.
Are they investors with a long-term history? Does the company feel comfortable with their personalities and approach to business? Remember that one of these people can take on an operational or management role in the company and could spend years working together with its creators.
Why use venture capital?
Advantages of working with venture capitalists.
The greatest advantage of working with venture capital firms is that if the startup fails – as unfortunately sometimes happens – unlike a loan, there is no obligation to repay the capital invested in it.
Venture capitalists come to the table with a lot of corporate and institutional knowledge. They are also well connected with other companies that could help start-ups, professionals to hire as employees and, of course, other investors.
Disadvantages of working with venture capitalists.
Although it is not technically necessary to “repay” the invested capital, venture capital firms expect a return on their investment.
This means that a startup that accepts money from a VC must plan an exit of some kind. It is therefore reiterated that if control over the company exercised by one or more external sources is not the objective, then venture capital is not the financing option to be assessed.
In that note, part of what venture capitalists want in return for their investment is equity. This means that when you proceed to the venture capital transaction, you waive a portion of the company’s ownership.
Depending on the deal, a VC could even hold a majority stake – more than 50% owned – of a startup. In the latter case, the company’s management control is essentially lost.
Editing by CILP ITALIA NEWS
Come trovare investitori di VENTURE CAPITAL.
Di seguito si fornisce una breve guida per tutte le imprese che intendano avvalersi di un finanziamento in VC.
- L’idea.
L’idea è la fase iniziale per eccellenza di ogni forma di impresa.
Che si tratti di un aspirante imprenditore con una grande idea o di una start-up già costituita, in entrambi i casi, per far sviluppare l’impresa sul mercato si necessita di capitale.
Le opzioni principali per reperire capitale, generalmente, sono prestiti da amici e parenti, prestiti bancari o forme di finanziamenti azionari da una società di capitali di rischio . Nell’attuale clima economico, però, le banche sono spesso restie a concedere prestiti alle piccole imprese e se l’ammontare del capitale necessario alla prima fase di sviluppo dell’idea o dell’impresa già avviata è particolarmente alto, prenderlo in prestito da amici e familiari probabilmente non è un’opzione. Ricorrere ad un finanziamento azionario da parte di un VC, insomma, sembra raffigurare la soluzione ideale, ma non certo più semplice.
Prima di intraprendere la ricerca di capitale di rischio (VC), si consideri che, nal caso in cui l’operazione di finanziamento vada a buon fine, l’impresa finanziatrice diventerà proprietaria parziale (per quote) della start-up (non un creditore) e pertando pretenderà entrate a lungo termine.
La maggior parte dei VC sono società in accomandita semplice che dispongono di fondi di investimenti congiunti. Le dimensioni variano da aziende di piccole dimensioni che gestiscono pochi milioni di dollari a VC che hanno investito miliardi di dollari in aziende di tutto il mondo.
Di solito prendono azioni privilegiate nell’azienda e vogliono almeno un posto nel consiglio di amministrazione. Altre volte la pretesa ha ad oggeto la carica di CEO, nel caso in cui si ritenga che il management esistente debba essere rafforzato.
- ROI (Ritorno sull’investimento)
Mentre alcuni VC cercano un rendimento che sia dieci volte il loro investimento, altri si accontentano di un ROI da tre a cinque volte il valore del loro investimento. Generalmente, quando il finanziamento è destinato ad aziende costituite o costituende, in ogni caso nella loro fase seed e early stage, gli investitori sono propensi ad un rendimento molto elevato. Questa pretesa è giustificata dal maggior rischio finanziario a cui si espongono investendo in un’impresa non stabilizzata sul mercato. Gli investitori che entrano in una realtà aziendale già avanzata, potenzialmente, potrebbero accontentarsi di un ROI triplo, qualora l’avvio sia già positivo per il flusso di cassa.
Prerequisiti per il finanziamento.
Quali sono le prime valutazioni dei VC riguardo la fattibilità di un investimento?
- In primis, il mercato di riferimento.
Esiste un mercato per l’idea di business prospettata?
I VC ricercano e richiedono, imperativamente, la fattibilità commerciale dell’idea imprenditoriale.
Posto che un mercato esista, è possibile fabbricare il prodotto o commercializzare il servizio in modo conveniente?
Nell’ottica di un Ritorno all’Investimento nel medio periodo e di una rivalutazione monetaria dell’investimento stesso, il VC valuterà positivamente investimenti in aziende che operano in settori industriali/mercati fiorenti e abbastanza grandi da rassicurare l’investitore in merito ad un ritorno sostanziale all’investimento. Ciò significa, generalmente, un mercato che può generare € 100 milioni di entrate da tutti i concorrenti.
I potenziali investitori, ai fini della valutazione finanziaria, richiederanno all’azienda una documentazione concernente una valutazione del mercato globale per un periodo di almeno cinque anni e una panoramica della concorrenza.
- Vantaggio competitivo.
L’idea o il prodotto/servizio è unico? Ove per unico si intende quell’unicità sostenibile o può essere facilmente copiato?
- Un solido Team di gestione.
La competenza e solidità del Team che gestisce (e gestirà) la start-up è fondamentale dal punto di vista dell’investitore. Un Team coeso, propositivo, propenso ad imparare e a perfezionarsi sempre più col tempo è un Team potenzialmente valido ai fini della gestione dello sviluppo del business.
L’importanza del Team si rinviene principalmente per il fatto che, sovente, i fautori di grandi idee imprenditoriali, idee scalabili e di successo, sono i giovanissimi. Da uno sguardo ai portafogli clienti dei VC si evince quanto questi abbiano spesso investito in società avviate da studenti universitari, senza esperienza commerciale – Yahoo! e Facebook sono buoni esempi.
Nota bene:
I VC sono l’opzione adatta?
In generale, i VC puntano ad ottenere un ritorno sui loro investimenti in 5-7 anni.
Considerato il loro apporto capitale in azienda, il quale misura il loro potere di ingerenza all’interno dell’azienda stessa, è bene che l’imprenditore potenzialmente beneficiario di tale apporto, prima di avvalersene, consideri attentamente le varie opzioni e strategie di uscita di questi VC dalla società una volta raggiunto il ROI.
Nella logica dei VC, una volta fornito ai loro soci il ritorno sull’investimento iniziale, puntano ad un ricavo (es. Vendita delle quote ormai di valore maggiorato rispetto al momento della loro entrata nella start-up) per poi passare ad una successiva opportunità di investimento.
Ciò significa che l’impresa beneficiaria si troverà ad un certo momento dall’investimento a vedersi vendere le proprie quote o ad essere incorporata in un’altra azienda o anche resa pubblica. In ogni caso, il risultato sarà una perdita, in tutto o in parte, del controllo autonomo della propria azienda.
Se questa opzione è qualcosa che l’impresa non ritiene di poter fare a priori, è bene cercare fin dall’inizio un’opzione di finanziamento diversa dai VC.
Fasi del finanziamento.
L’evoluzione del finanziamento in genere comprende le seguenti categorie:
- Seed
È la fase di inzio di ogni azienda: l’idea. È il momento in cui l’aspirante imprenditore ha un’idea di business, ma non ha ancora un prodotto definito o un’azienda registrata, pertanto cerca il capitale iniziale. I VC però di solito evitano questo stadio.
- Avvio o Start-Up.
Si tratterebbe di imprese in fase iniziale che necessitano di finanziamenti per le spese associate alla ricerca e allo sviluppo del prodotto.
- First Round (serie A).
Il primo round comprende il reclutamento delle risorse necessarie alla gestione dell’azienda e del prodotto, ulteriori ricerche di mercato e la finalizzazione del prodotto o del servizio per l’introduzione sul mercato.
- Second Round (serie B).
È il secondo round di finanziamento quello che fornisce capitale circolante per le aziende in fase iniziale che vendono un prodotto, ma che non stanno ancora realizzando profitti.
- Finanziamento in fase avanzata.
Si tratta di denaro di espansione per un’azienda che vende con successo prodotti o servizi dalla cui vendita ricava già un cospicuo profitto.
Nota bene:
La Due Diligence, la “dovuta diligenza”.
Proprio come l’azienda di VC valuta il business su cui investire, anche l’impresa potenzialmente beneficiaria dovrebbe valutare i potenziali investitori.
Sono investitori con una storia di successo a lungo termine? L’azienda si sente a proprio agio con le loro personalità e l’approccio al business? Si ricordi che una di queste persone può assumere un ruolo operativo o gestionale nell’azienda e potrebbe trascorrere anni a lavorare insieme con i suoi ideatori.
Perché ricorrere al capitale di rischio?
- Vantaggi della collaborazione con società di venture capitalist.
Il più grande vantaggio di lavorare con le società di capitali di rischio è il fatto che nel caso in cui la startup fallisca – come purtroppo a volte accade – a differenza di un prestito, non vi è alcun obbligo di rimborso del capitale in essa investito.
I venture capitalist arrivano al tavolo con molte conoscenze aziendali e istituzionali. Sono inoltre ben collegati con altre aziende che potrebbero aiutare la start-up, professionisti da assumere come dipendenti e, ovviamente, altri investitori.
- Svantaggi di lavorare con società di venture capitalist.
Sebbene non sia tecnicamente necessario “rimborsare” il capitale investito, le società di capitali di rischio si aspettano un ritorno sul proprio investimento.
Ciò significa che una startup che accetta denaro da un VC deve pianificare un’uscita di qualche tipo. Si ribadisce, pertanto, che se il controllo sulla società esercitato da una o più fonti esterne non è l’obiettivo, allora il capitale di rischio non è l’opzione di finanziamento da valutare.
In tale nota, parte di ciò che i venture capitalist vogliono in cambio del loro investimento è l’equity. Ciò significa che, quando si procede all’operazione in capitale di rischio, si rinuncia a una parte della proprietà aziendale.
A seconda dell’affare, un VC potrebbe persino detenere una quota di maggioranza – oltre il 50% di proprietà – di una startup. In quest’ultima ipotesi, si perde essenzialmente il controllo di gestione dell’azienda.
Redazione CILP ITALIA NEWS
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